Friday 28 September 2012

The Idea: Kickass

What Is Kickass?

'Kick Ass' is an action comedy film based on superheroes in the comic book of the same name.

It tells the story of Dave Lizewski, a nerdy high school student and comic book fan who decides to become a superhero despite the fact that he has no special powers

The foreground features the superhero Kick-Ass in his green and yellow costume. Against a black background the words KICK-ASS are written in yellow block capitals.

Sources of Inspiration- The idea of the film was based on the comic book, 'Kick Ass.' The 'Kick Ass' comic books ran from February 2008 until February 2010 and had a total of eight issues. It was produced by Marvel comics and was printed using the 'Icon' imprint.
 

The Idea: Kickass: The Producers

Producers-
Matthew Vaughan- Producer. As well as being a producer of the film, he also directed the film.
Kris Thykier- Producer
David Reid- Producer
Tarquin Pack- Producer
Brad Pitt- Producer
Adam Bohling- Producer
Jeremy Kleiner- Executive Producer
Stephen Marks- Executive Producer
Mark Miller- Executive Producer
John Romita Jr- Executive Producer
Darren Goldberg- Line Producer
Lyn Lucibello- Line Producer

When you initially read the comic and picked it up, did you think that it would make a great movie from the start, even though it had an extreme amount of violence, and a 12-year-old girl killing people, all of those controversial elements?
Matthew Vaughn: Yeah, basically that's why I wanted to make the movie -- everything that made it different and fresh. I was like, "God, it's about time there's a superhero film like Kick-Ass," literally, and I knew I could make a film that I'd want to go see, and I wanted to make a comic book movie that was more relevant to the world we live in.

Interview with Matthew Vaughan by the Observer


Seeing a movie like Kick-Ass is a treat. You think you know what is about to be dished out, but in a very real way the film grabs you and takes you on an adventure through pitch-black comedy and bloody, badass action. Trust me when I say that you have no idea what you are in for. Along with all of the praise that Kick-Ass has been receiving though, there has also been some criticism and controversy in the mix. After talking to director Matthew Vaughn though, I think that’s just the way he likes it.
Being able to talk with Vaughn, in a way, is even more of a treat. You can tell he is a movie lover, and wanted to make a film for movie lovers. I also have a lot of respect for the guy in that Kick-Ass, which a lot of people still don’t know, is sort of a independent feature. Vaughn funded much of the film himself, and in the process made this almost anti-Hollywood action film that shows that you don’t need a bunch of bankable names to make a great film. Kick-Ass shows that one of the most important things is that you start with great writers and a great director…and Vaughn is both.
Later comes the brave part, choosing the right people for the roles…instead of the most popular people. Which the film, in the end, kind of ends up flipping that whole idea on it’s side…because everyone in this film is sure to become more popular because of their role. Don’t know who Aaron Johnson or Chloe Moretz is? Well, you will. Think Nic Cage is a sore spot for the movie? Go see it first, because great actors thrive under a great director.

Film School Rejects: Thank you for sitting with us today. We really appreciate it.
Matthew Vaughn:  Oh, it’s my pleasure.  I like the name of your website.
Do you? Are you a film school reject or did you go to film school?
I’m a rejected film school apply-ee. I didn’t even get that far.
[Laughs] Well it’s a good thing that you did make it because a lot of our rejects did see Kick-Ass. And, like I said, we all loved it.  I was there at South By Southwest and it was just a great screening.
Great audience, shitty screening though. Fucking projection was shit. The sound was all over the place. Did you know it was missing a speaker on the left? So a whole lot of the jokes weren’t working because you couldn’t hear them. I was freaking out. But I think that people liked it still, so I couldn’t complain too hard.
So after seeing an audience reaction like that at South By, how has the process been since?
Well, it’s really weird because I should have been spoiled. You know, the first audience I was showing this movie to was actually in Austin at the Butt-Numb-A-Thon, you know, the Harry Knowles thing, and the reaction was incredible. And then South By Southwest was great.
But they are the sort of people…It’s a weird thing, because the audience I made this movie for, that was them. So them liking it made me feel unbelievably proud, and happy, and relieved. And then, it’s also been odd now showing it to a more general wide audience, and, to my amazement, they’ve been liking it just as much.
I am going to ask you not to be humble here, because I kind of see Kick-Ass as a game changer for the comic book movies.  So for audiences, how do you think a film like Kick-Ass stacks up to like the stock Fantastic Four’s and Spider-Man’s?
Well, for me, it is really a loaded question. One of the main reasons I did Kick-Ass was I was just like, you know, the comic movies, the superhero films I’ve been watching, the superheroes are old! You know, Batman is from the ‘30s, and Superman ‘30s, and Spider-Man, Fantastic Four, Iron Man, they are from the ‘60s, watched them in the ‘80s. And I just thought, “Gosh. Where is our modern-day superhero film? Where is our sort of post-modern look at all the movies that we all love?” I just felt too many of these films were regurgitating the same idea, so they are just not relevant to modern life in any shape or form. So I wanted to make a movie that I think kids are going to related to.
And we had unbelievably great reviews in England. And the harshest critic — I was terrified to read his reviews — said the thing that made me…I’ve never been so proud of a review because he described the movie as being the Clockwork Orange for this generation. And when I heard that, I was just like, “Cool.” That’s exactly what I wanted.
I just felt like, “Where have the edgy, cool movies gone?” You know, what happened? I think the film industry has just grounded them out of the environment. I thought District 9 was brilliant and one of the few films which I really, really enjoyed last year. And I said, “Look, I want to continue that vibe.”
I have to admit, when I first saw the trailer, I was expecting one kind of movie.  But then when I saw it, it just kind of punched me in the face and I fell in love with it. Do you find yourself having a lot of these conversations lately?
Yeah, well I think this is an incredibly hard movie to cut a trailer from because the really cool stuff you can’t show in the trailer. And I’m actually quite proud to say that the movie…I think that of the people that will go watch this movie, I don’t think anyone is coming out saying, like most films, “Well, the trailer was better than the film”. So I’d rather always make films better than the trailer.
I read somewhere that you’ve been having to defend the film a lot, like could you explain that a little bit?
It’s a huge amount of controversy about the fact that Hit-Girl, everyone says she…what makes you laugh is that a lot of people go, “It’s just disgusting how much she swears!” I go, “You know, she swears twice in the film.” They’re like,  “Oh, really?”
“Yeah, she swears twice.” And they’re like, “Oh, OK.” And it’s just amazing how people…the whole controversy is 99 cents and people who haven’t seen the movie. And those people…A lot people who have complained about it and then see the film, and then they just put down that knives because they sort of enjoyed it and realized that it’s a bit of a fun ride.
We’re not trying to change the world with this movie and we’re not trying to inspire kids to swear and kill people.We’re just saying, “Hey, go and have a laugh. It’s a movie for God’s sake.”
Was there ever a time in the process where you knew exactly that Hit-Girl is going to steal the movie?
When we were writing the script. I always knew that she was the Hans Solo of our film. And when once we cast Chloe, I knew that we had a very, very powerful secret weapon.
You mentioned that you weren’t able to put a lot of the great stuff that’s in the movie, obviously, in the trailer. Do you see the R rating as a strength or a weakness for the type of film that Kick-Ass is?
Well, I feel it’s a necessity. I mean, there’s no point in making Kick-Ass and doing like all the Hollywood version. Then it would have ended up being no reason to watch or make the film as far as I’m concerned. So I just wanted to make the version of the movie with the script I wrote, and I was told, “You’re going to get an R if you make this film.”  I was like, “So be it.”
I didn’t really think about the rating. I just thought about what the film I want to make is.  And whatever rating I was given, so be it.
That’s awesome. So you mentioned casting. It seems like a guy like Mark Strong hasn’t been really found by American audiences yet, but a lot of the directors in the UK seem to love him. Where did Mark Strong come from in the process?
I worked with Mark on Stardust. I can genuinely say he is one of the greatest. This is how acclaimed Mark is by the actor’s community, is when Ian McKellen came in to do the voiceover, do the narration, on “Stardust” and he watched the movie and I said I just couldn’t believe he agreed to do it. It’s a pretty big thing to get Ian to just come in and do your narration for the hell of it.
He goes, “I’ve always wanted to work with Mark Strong. He’s the greatest living actor England has.” I was like, “Wow.” That’s from Ian McKellen saying that? and I think Kick-Ass is going to do for Mark what Reservoir Dogs did for Tim Roth because, you know, well, the Americans were going, “Wow! who’s this new actor?” after Reservoir Dogs, because, you know, it was the first time he did the American accent.
And I think this is going to be the birth of Mark. Well, we’re already going to be seeing a lot more of Mark regardless of Kick-Ass because there are a lot of other movies coming out. But I think he’s going to be more in this, like, appreciation from now on.
You talked about Chloe and we just talked about Mark. I think you guys did an amazing job with casting. But if there were an alternate reality, could you have seen anybody else playing the parts?
Which characters?
Of any. I mean, I had a talk with Mark Millar and he was talking about fighting with the Scott Pilgrim guys over Michael Cera.
What was he saying about them?
He was saying that you guys were kind of fighting with the Scott Pilgrim guys to get Michael Cera for Aaron’s part.
Well, they filmed later than us. Mark’s…No, Mark’s wrong about that. We weren’t fighting over anyone like that. We were just… Mark was more keen on Michael Cera than I was and I…  People say I’m nuts, but I like to go for as much as an unknown character playing the lead role as I can, because I really feel, then, that that character is born and no one is like saying, “Oh, wow. That’s Michael Cera doing a great job.”
It’s just like that is Kick-Ass, or the guy who’s playing Kick-Ass. And the only… It’s funny. It’s hard to answer that question. I got all the actors I wanted. So literally, I think this is why the movie works because we cast people who were right for the role and not for what we thought…The studios cast whoever they think is right for box office and poster, not realizing most of the time and this is Will Smith. If they’re not right for the role then there’s no box office. I just cast whoever was right for the role. I’m pretty proud of what they did.
Speaking of Mark, do you guys find yourselves racing each other for a sequel?
So now I’ve got an idea that the film is going to work. So if the film’s a big hit, I mean I had so much fun making the movie that I had some ideas for a sequel. But my problem is, like others in the industry, I don’t want to make the sequel unless I think the films going to be good, if not better, than the first one. If I do a sequel, I want to do Godfather II of Kick-Ass. I want to do the Godfather III of Kick-Ass.
I’m really…Let’s see how it does this weekend and if the public wants a sequel I’d love to make one, but I’d have to figure out a way of doing a good film. It’s like car maintenance.
You talked about the Hollywood process earlier and, you know, like if you don’t cross the line then you’re not really doing what you want to do. Was there anything that you really wanted to squeeze into the film but in the end it just didn’t fit?
No. There’s a split scene that they cut out for pacing-wise, which I’m sure one day we’ll do an extended cut. It’s a really funny scene of Red Mist and Kick-Ass having sex with groupies in the Mist Mobile. And is really, really funny, but it wasn’t quite right for the…
The hardest thing about this movie was keeping the tone right. You know, keeping that balance between comedy, drama, and action. It was tough.  And so there was a few…There were two or three really, really cool things that I had to cut out because I just had to make sure the tone was right.
Obviously with this past few weeks of crazy press for you, is there anything that you haven’t had a chance to talk about or anything that you just want to get out there for the audience?
I want to expand on the Theory of Relativity but no one wants to listen. [Laughs]
Well, we’re here.
No, I’m being sarcastic. No, not really. I think I wanted to get the message out that it’s an independent movie that’s taken on the system.  And therefore, if the kids support us so that we are a hit, then more people will get to do that and I think movies will be better.
I think if you liked District  9 you will like this movie. I think you want to get the message out there it’s not just…  I think a lot of people are thinking it’s a kids’ movie and I’m like, “Jesus Christ! This ain’t a kids’ movie.”
And I love District 9 and I make movies in the sense for the audience which is me. So I’m convinced anyone who liked District 9 or Pulp Fiction or Kill Bill or Superbad, all the movies I love, they’re going to like this.
 

The Idea: Kickass: The Writer, Interview: The Guardian

The Writer- The film script was written by Jane Goldman, an English screenwriter. She has written the cripts for other films such as 'X-Men: First Class,' 'The Debt,' starrinh Helen Mirren and 'The Woman In Black' starring Daniel Radcliff. She has admitted to having a "geeky enthusiasm for comic books and violent video games."


Jane Goldman Picture
The screenwriter Jane Goldman freely admits that her new film Kick-Ass "is not, obviously, for everyone". Perhaps she is thinking of the scene in which Hit-Girl, an 11-year-old female assassin in a luminescent purple wig, enters a roomful of evil baddies and utters the immortal line: "OK you c**ts, let's see what you can do now." Or maybe she is referring to the bit where Hit-Girl, in a conversation with her father about what she wants for her birthday, pretends to ask for a puppy before admitting with a coquettish giggle that "I'm just fucking with you Daddy. I'll have a Benchmade model 42 butterfly knife." Or she could be recalling the moments where Hit-Girl shoots a man through his cheek or slices off a drug dealer's leg with a machete.

Whatever the reason, Goldman is aware that Kick-Ass could cause something of a stir. "I wouldn't take it personally if someone didn't enjoy the film," she says when we meet. "Certainly my 86-year-old friend of the family, I'd strongly recommend she doesn't go and see it."
She laughs, a tad uneasily. Goldman, 39, a talented writer who penned the widely-acclaimed 2007 film fantasy Stardust, is clearly nervous about how Kick-Ass will be received. "You've no idea how the audience is going to react, you just hold your breath," she says, anxiously pressing her hands together, her face partially obscured by a curtain of dyed carmine red hair. Later she will admit that she hates interviews. Partly, one imagines, this is because she happens to be married to the television presenter Jonathan Ross, he of the floppy hair and the inflated salary and the lewd answerphone messages, and she is wary of saying anything that could add to the public circus that surrounds him.

But in this case the nerves are misplaced. Kick-Ass is a brilliant and inventive piece of film-making and looks set to become one of the box-office hits of the year. It tells the story of Dave Lizewski, a nerdy high school student and comic book fan who decides to become a superhero despite the fact that he has no special powers. Dave (played by Aaron Johnson, who recently starred as the young John Lennon in Nowhere Boy) proves to be a fairly unsuccessful vigilante until fate brings him into contact with Hit-Girl, who has been trained by her father in the art of self-protection and who is the master of an astonishing array of weaponry, including butterfly knives and taser guns.
Directed by Matthew Vaughn, who also co-wrote the script and with whom Goldman worked before on Stardust, Kick-Ass is based on the eponymous superhero adventure penned by the Scottish comic book writer Mark Millar. The film is shot through with Tarantino-esque action sequences but also manages to be extremely funny, despite the fact that the subject-matter – a pre-teen girl who swears like a sailor and shoots baddies dead with big guns – is somewhat problematic. Seven American film studios turned down the script before Vaughn released it through his own production company.
"We just really wanted Hit-Girl to be a character who, in a sense, simply happens to be an 11-year-old girl, in the same way that Ripley in Alien could have been a guy but the part happened to be played by Sigourney Weaver," explains Goldman. "She [Hit-Girl] is genuinely dangerous, she's genuinely mad. It's not her fault: she's been raised in this environment where she doesn't know anything different. She's unwittingly part of a folie a deux."
Does she think of Hit-Girl, who is played by the 13-year-old actress Chloe Moretz, as a sort of hardcore mini-feminist, a challenge to the usual assumption that most movie violence is carried out by adult men? "Yeah... she's a feminist hero by token of the fact that she pays no attention to gender stereotypes. I think she also doesn't want special treatment because she's a girl."
The film caused controversy in the United States because of a violent online trailer that could have been viewed by children (even though it was clearly marked as "red band", denoting adult content). In the UK, Kick-Ass will be released with a 15-certificate but there is an argument that because the film's protagonists are youngsters, it will prove more appealing to those in the same age group. "You could say the same of Fish Tank, which has swearing and extreme emotional portrayals of violence," counters Goldman. "Kick-Ass is a film for adults. It was never, ever aimed at children."
Will Goldman be allowing her own children – Betty Kitten, 18, Harvey Kirby, 16, or Honey Kinny, 13 – to see it? "The two oldest will see it. My youngest daughter… I have to think about it. I think it's a different deal if you've been on set and known the people involved and you know it's not real. Yeah, maybe.
"You very much see the consequences of violence in the film. I think that films that could be said to glamorise violence are ones where there isn't a physical or emotional consequence, where you have people fire off rounds and everyone is dying off cleanly and it doesn't matter, whereas here, people are bereaved, people are hospitalised, it's kind of unpleasant.
"I really don't think anyone having seen this film would come out of it feeling bloodthirsty… I don't think there's any reliable data proving any correlation between violence and films."
But was Goldman worried about the effects on Moretz, who, despite starring in the film, is too young to go and see it in the cinema? She thinks about this for a moment, hesitating as if to get her thoughts in order. "The fact that she's actually enacting the violence is in many ways probably less traumatic for a child actor than a lot of films where the children are victims of violence – serious films where they're the victims of violence at the hands of family members. I think actually, emotionally, that's a lot more disturbing for a child actor whereas this is comic book; it's light. I don't think it raises any difficult emotional issues for a child to process."
Still, the Daily Mail is in a predictable tizz about it all. A few days before we meet, the newspaper runs an article headlined "Jonathan Ross's wife causes outrage", as though she had been caught mugging Andrew Sachs on the street for his bus pass. Does she care about this kind of press coverage?
"People's intolerance, I find puzzling," she says, a vertical crinkle appearing between her eyes. "The fact that I was singled out, I found bizarre but it didn't upset me, I just thought it was peculiar. It's funny – it's very rare that a movie is described as a writer's movie. It was kind of ironic that it was only when people had decided there was something negative about it that it was the writer's movie… Maybe it's that it makes a good tag on to this ongoing narrative in the press involving other people in my family – it makes it part of that saga."
That is as close as Goldman gets to mentioning the Jonathan Ross-shaped elephant in the room, and it must be frustrating to be constantly pigeonholed as someone's wife when she has been quietly pursuing a successful career as a writer for the last 20 years. Goldman grew up in north London, the only child of liberal, wealthy parents. Like Hit-Girl, she was terrifyingly precocious – leaving school at 16 with eight O-Levels before being hired as a showbusiness reporter on a casual basis by the Daily Star.
A year later she met Ross at a nightclub while working for the paper, and the couple got married when she was 18. Goldman spent most of her 20s having babies but also found the time to write several books (including a novel, Dreamworld), front a television series investigating the paranormal, and cultivate a growing reputation as a screenwriter. As well as her work with Matthew Vaughn, she has just completed the script for a forthcoming film adaptation of Susan Hill's ghost story The Woman in Black. She seems to be intrigued by the supernatural and fantastical and admits to a "geeky" enthusiasm for comic books and computer games.
"I play World of Warcraft, which means I end up hanging out with teenage boys a lot," she says. "I really enjoy the company of my kids… I'm not one of those people who goes 'Yeah, my kids are my mates', that's a dreadful kind of mother, but I'm fortunate that there are times that they do want me around, and I feel lucky that they let me into their world."
There is a part of Goldman that seems to connect easily with childhood, perhaps because she missed out on so much of it herself. "Yeah, I never hung out in parks and got drunk… I never did the proper teenage stuff and maybe that's why it still holds a fascination for me but I like to think it's because I really like that unbiased outlook on life. Teenagers come to things fresh and can really teach us an awful lot.
"I've yet to meet a bitter teenager. Bitterness, jealousy and jadedness, I think, are the most unattractive qualities in a person, and unfortunately they do seem to come with age."
In person, Goldman seems to embody both this freshness and a sort of gentleness that is strangely at odds with her love of violent video games and her striking physical appearance. She has a beautiful face, fire-red engine hair (re-coloured every three to four weeks) and a figure that looks as though it has been drawn by a lascivious comic book artist. Is it a coincidence that she looks like the superheroes she has written about? "That's a huge compliment, thank you," she says. "I've always loved science fiction, fantasy, manga, comic books, so I guess to some degree those things influence my personal idea of what looks nice, which definitely isn't everyone else's."
She laughs, but it must take a certain degree of chutzpah to look so flagrantly individual. "In some way it's less courageous because it's essentially saying, 'I've opted out'; it's saying 'Please don't judge me against society's standards! I know I don't measure up, I've opted out, I'm playing a different game.'"
It is a game that she plays extremely well – but then, all that time practising on World of Warcraft must surely help.

Tuesday 25 September 2012

Understanding Filmmaking

The Filmmaking Process:


1. The Idea
Souces of Influence: Can be found everywhere! Newspapers, books, conversations, etc
The Producer: Makes the idea into a reality
The Director: Visualises the script, puts it on screen
The Writer: Defines the idea, creates characters and the plot
Treatment: One page description of the characters and plot, aka- 'the treatment'
The Pitch: Meeting explaining all information about the film to financers, get money to make the film

2. Developing Finance
Pitching th Project: Using the 'treatment,' pitch and persuasion skills, producer gets cash for the script
Production Companies: Approach film production companies to get money, not always successful
Sales, Distribution, Broadcast: Offer companies the future fim and broadcast rights in exchange for money
Public Investments: Apply to a public funding body (eg, UK Film Council) for a grant
Private Finance: Pitch to provate investors for their support and money
Tying Down the Writer: Making a deal with the writer to get support in making the film

3. Script Development
Synopsis: Writer and producer agree on key ideas for the film
Step Outline: Created for the writers to plan out the film step-by-step
Drafts: Simple version of the script, part of the writers fee is conditional on delivery of the first draft
Revisions: The drafts are sent to the investors who have their own ideas
Final Draft: Everyone is happy, it is locked off and becomes a final draft, writer gets paid
Sales Treatment: Final stage: creating a sales treatment (advert for potential investors)

4. Packaging
What is Packaging? Turning the script into a commercial proposition ready for financing
The Cast: Attaching well known stars to the film, association- more commercial
Heads of Department: Respected, successful heads carry out discussions with financiers
Detailed Budget/Production Schedule: Film business plan- how much will it cost to make?
Finance Plan/Recoupment Schedule: How are they going to make the money needed? From where? How to pay it all back?
The Complete Package: Made into a viable, commercial product, find out what everyone thinks of it

5. Financing
The Market: Producers travel to financers all over the world, get money to make the film
Investment: People/companies invest, lawyers make contracts to seal the deal
Pre-Sales: Make money by selling the rights even if the film hasn't been made yet
Banks/GAP Funding: Departments in banks specialise in films and offer loans
Completion Bonds: (aka, insurance for the production) most investors insist on having this
Green Light: Finance and insurance is secure

6. Pre-Production
Kick-Off Meeting: Heads of department hired, shooting script circulated and production begins
Casting: Identifying actors for the roles in the film, long process
Story Boarding: Blueprints of the film, each shot is planned in advance
Production Design: Production director plans how everything will look, people are hired to make the parts
Special Effects Planning: Effects shots planned in detail, long process
The Production Unit: The important people including the production manager and line producer

7. The Shoot
First Day of Principal Photography: Key moment- shooting begins and funding is released
Camera: Camera department responsible for all the footage
Lighting and Sound: Once this is set up, shooting can begin
Acting: Actors create emotion which is filmed in order to draw the audience into the film
Special Physical Effects: Special effects created and filmed, minimal risk of injury
Chain of Command: Film production is run very precisely, fall behind- investors may step in

8. Post Production
Rough Cut: Editor makes footage into scenes, creates narrative sequence
Post Production Sound: Sound department create sound for the audio track and every scene
Digital Effects and Titles: Digital effects are added, titles and credits are created
Grade and Colour: Final stage of the picture edit, colour adjusted
Final Mix:After picture lock, sound mixer sets final levels
Final Cut: Everything (filming/editing) is finished

9. Sales
Selling the Product: Sales agent hire, film is sold to distributors
The Trailer:Way of selling the film/gaining awareness of the film, make people go and watch it
Sales Toolkit: Producer and sales agent collect everything needed to sell to distributors
Taking the Film to Market: Large market, producer go to great lengths to attract attention to the film
Screenings: High profile screening at a major film festival attracts attention
Sale: Can now negotiate good deals with distributors

10. Marketing
Marketing Team: People hired who specialise in film promotion
The Audience: 'Test screens' run- appeal to the films audience?
Advertising: Potential audience targeted with posters, trailers, TV spots,
Press and Media Coverage: TV, radio, magazines, newspapers create positive word of mouth
Internet/New Marketing Models: Niche marketing now possible, development of technology
Selling the Film to Exhibitions: Distributor negotiate deals with cinemas to screen the film

11. Exhibition
Premier: High profile, star studded, launch with an explosion to the media
UK Cinemas: More that 3,500 screens in the UK
Prints and Logistics: Exhibitors supplied with film prints
Box Office Performance: How well/badly the film did, money is made from ticket sales
Revenues: Exhibitors take their share, distributors recoup marketing costs
Recoupment: Financers recover their investment, distributors take their share

12. Other Windows
Hospitality: Hotel channels/in-flight entertainment- add millions to the film revenue
DVD and Video: More spent on DVDs than cinema tickets- make up for poor box office figures
Broadcast: Shown on television channels for money and film rights
Game of the Film: Computer games made about the film
Profit? All helps to make a profit, creative people get their rewards
The End? Final income is never known, re-releases, sequels

Sunday 23 September 2012

Attack The Block- Review

Attack the Block- Film Review

A highly fun and entertaining science fiction/action adventure film based in Brixton, South London which follows a gang of youths when they try to save their block from an alien invasion.

The film brilliant for a variety of reasons including awesome directing from Joe Cornish, fun visual effects and great performances from the young actors, especially John Boyega who plays Moses, the leader of the gang. Most of the characters are played by first time actors which some people may find off putting; however they play their characters well adding humour and making us feel warmth towards them. The humour of the characters and their actions makes the film seem less scary. There are a few scary, slightly gory, moments however they are perfectly balanced out with funny moments making the film a must watch.

The effects used when making the monsters are good which makes both the creatures and the film very realistic, something difficult to do when creating a film on an alien invasion in a council estate. The monsters are very impressive. The design is a blend of fascinating and frightening and is not the typical type of ‘alien’ which consists of a big head, large eyes along with green limbs leaping out of a space ship. Instead, the monsters in 'Attack the Block' get scarier each time you see them as there is always an element of confusion as to what they are. The effects don’t disappoint

The locations which 'Attack the Block' were filmed were all council estates which make the film setting very realistic. This crossed with the kind of language and slang used by the teenagers makes the film realistic. However, the film is based on the stereotypical ‘London youth gang’ which ‘mugs women at night who are out on their own.’ Also, the gang are seen smoking weed a lot as well as carrying weapons including knives and guns living up to the rebellious teenage stereotype. This could come across as being harsh on teenagers; however the characters take it in their stride and play on it, making it into a more funny approach to teenage life.

All in all, a humorous take on the typical ‘alien invasion’ type of film. Received great reactions and deserves all of the praise it gets. An ace directing debut from Joe Cornish which is an absolute must see. Fun and energetic and very entertaining making you want to keep watching. Great film. Lots and lots of fun.

Monday 17 September 2012

"Attack The Block" Research


Big Talk Films produced the film on a budget of around £8,000,000 with help from Film4, StudioCanal, and Film Council. The film was shot across London from March to May 2010, with six weeks of night shoots


Story Line: (from website) "Attack the block is a fast, funny, frightning action adventure movie that pits a teen gang against an invasion of savage alien monsters. It turns a London housing estate into a sci-fi playground. A tower block into a fortress under seige. And teenage street kids into heroes." A British film that has been written and directed by Joe Cornish whcih was released in May 2011.

Task: Use the information in the posts below to help you start your research on ‘Attack The Block'. Find out about:
  • How it was produced
The film was shot between Mach and May 2010 throughout six weeks of night shoots on the Heygate Estate in Elephant and Castle, Myatts Field Brixton Oval tube station in Kennington and the Bemerton Estate in Islington. The council estate seen in the film is a mix of the several council estates which were found across Centeral London.
  • What it was based on
Attack the block was based on an experience had by the fims writer and director, Joe Cornish. He got mugged near his home in Stockwell, South London (the film is set in Brixton, another town in South London that is boardered by Stockwell) which Cornish described as a "traumatic experience." He then decided to make a film based on that, however wanted to change the stereotype of the type of kids who mugged him. To do this, he investigated. Invterviewing and talking to youths in the local area on the street and at local youth clubs. From this research he came up with the film fantasyof mixing aliens with local teens therefore creating the film 'Attack the Block,'which was also inspired by films such at 'E.T' and 'Gremlins.' Cornish made sure that the main character, Brewin, was besed on himself.
  • Any problems that arose in making the film,
Joe Cornish was dealing with first time actors which would be difficult to do and also increased the pressure that he was under, especially considering there were 11 kids on set. He had to use special effects, stunts, explosions, fight scenes, and they were shooting at night. Therefore they had a lot to achieve by the date of which they were to deliver the film, which is a lot to handle on a small budget British film.
  • The directors views on the British film Industry
Joe Cornish feels that the British film industry's film-makers passion is matched by that of the audience, especially bloggers."They take their role of championing films very seriously, and they're led by the heart. If they dislike something, they won't write about it, unless they really feel it violates one of their principles. But in Britain you get a lot of ho-humming and boiled sweet sucking and here you get commitment and passion, which I think is really cool." He also believes that being an unknown film director helps a lot in the film industry.
  • How they saved money, the technology used
It is cheaper to shoot on council estates than it is to hire out huge filming sets which means that they saved money and the reason the film was shot over 6 weeks at night is because the film follows the events of one night in London, and the darkness increases the tension and atmosphere when watching the film. The interior scenes were filmed at Three Mills Studios in East London.  FX shots (unusual effects) were used when creating the aliens in the film. These shots include a variety of computer generated images of fur, jaws, claws and paws for the creatures.
  • Any issues with film rating, any controversy surrounding the film
The majority of the people who went to see Attack the Block stressed that the film rating was an issue. Parents of children said things such as "This is a smart but violent alien invasion movie, with heavy gore." Also, the swearing and cannabis smoking was a big deal, may critics criticised the film for the teenagers hanging around with a drug dealer who kept a room full of pot plants.
  • The films promotion 
The films director Joe Cornish did a lot of exclusive interviews for various television programmes and magazines. 'Attack the Block' also used film trailers and posters as methods of promotion in order to gain recognition and awareness from the public
  • The soundtrack (include information on the soundtrack creator and the types of music they referenced in their work).
The soundtrack for the film was an original score composed by Simon Ratcliffe and Felix Buxton, 2 members of the electronic dance music group Basement Jaxx, and Steven Price except for the song played during the end credits ("Youths Dem Cold" by Richie Spice).
The films soundtrack includes the songs: "The Block", "Sam is Mugged", "Round Two Bruv", "It’s Raining Gollums", "Tooling Up", "Moses is Arrested", "Tell Me I’m Dreaming", "Throat Ripper", "Rooftops", "Moses - Ninja", "Just Another Day", "They Want Moses", "Actions Have Consequences", "Eat My Hat", "They Fell Out of the Sky", "I Need to Finish What I Started", "Turn the Gas Up", "Moses vs. The Monsters", "Moses the Hero" and "The Ends" - Basement Jaxx"
Basement Jaxx are an elctronic sound duo from London, England who have released seven albums since 1999 up to 2011. They produced the soundtract to the 2011 film 'Attack the Block.'

    Sunday 16 September 2012

    Usual Suspects Character Representation

    Usual Suspects
     
     
    The characters in usual suspects are presented to the viewer within the first few minutes of the film. They are shown in this order:
     
    1. McManus- Presented to have been involved with the police quite a lot. The moment the police run in, they try to arrest him and he says "Don't you guys ever sleep?" Suggesting that it hasn't been that long since he was realeased. He also says the word 'fuck' a lot showing him to be very threatening however he is also very calm suggesting he is very used to what is happening. They don't show much of his surroundings as the camera stays on him the whole time, so much so that we dont even see the police faces showing he is a very important character in the film. This also makes him a very mysterious character.
     
    
    2. Hockney- The shot shows more of the surroundings, he is in a garage fixing a car. This automatically makes him a less mysterious character that McManus. However, when the police asks his name, he replies "Who wants to know?" Making the audience see him as being suspicious, as though he is hiding something. We also see more of the police. The camer stays closest to him throughout the scene and follows him when he reaches under the car to get something to wipe his face showing that he is important.
     
    3. Fenster- The camera follows Fenster around a rough street in New York City (Queens? The Bronx? We aren't told where.) He is sneaking around looking very suspicious making him seem to be a 'suspect' in whatever crime has happened. The lack of dialogue leaves room for music. The kind of music which is played is a detective type music which links to the storyline.
     
    4. Keaton-This character is completely different to the others seen previously, for instance he is older and should therefore be more mature and sensible. Rather than being sneaky, suspicious, annoyed, etc, he acts completely normal which is very reassuing to the audience and the people who he is with. He is in a posh restaurant showing the contast between him and the other suspects. The camera follows him around the whole setting (when he is sitting, when he is being escorted out.) However, the reassuring character then turns suspicious when he introduces the police officer by his first name which suggests he has been involved with him quite a lot and has got to know him quite well. This then makes the audience wary and suspicious of the character.
     
    5. Verbal- This character is very confusing. This is because he is limping whereas the other suspects look capable of comitting whatever crime has happened. Compared to the others, he just looks helpless. He makes the audience ask questions; who is he? Why is he there? Why is he narrating the story and not the others? He refers to the others as "hardcore highjackers" but not himself, suggesting he isn't a criminal, however if he isnt, why is he there?

    How Are Teenagers Represented?

    Waterloo Road




    This clip from Waterloo Road shows a selection of 5 teenagers being interviewed by their school teachers trying to prepare them for future interviews. The boy, Phill, is very sarcastic. Teenagers are often percieved to be very sarcastic, especially to adults. The first girl, Danielle, is also very sarcastic when she points out the obvious- that it isn't a bomb, it is a ball. She doesn't purposely do it in a sarcatsic way, however this tells us that she thinks the activity is pointless. This is a common thought of teenagers when they are forced into doing things at school which doesn't seem to have any relevance to anything. She then freaks out when she realises she will be 27 in 10 years time. The second girl has no reaction, showing she is either bored, tired, awkward or all three. Teenagers are known for being bored or tired a lot of the time. They are also thought to be the most awkward people to walk the Earth. Ros is the 4th teenager to have the 'bomb' thrown at her. She is the typical geeky, clever teenager who wants to have an amazingly good, well paid job. This representation then continues when the question 'where do you see yourself in 10 years time?' She comes up with a very complicated answer which makes her seem even more geeky and nerdy. It is thought that all schools have that group of teenagers who have no social life, who live and breathe school. She is shown to be one of those people. The final teenager is Micheala. She reacts how she actually wpould react if a real life bomb is thrown at her. When asked the same question about where she wants to be in 10 years time, she is logical and just like any other teenager. Not very many teenagers know the exact job, however they know the kinds of things that they don't want. This stereotype is shown perfectly.

    Saturday 15 September 2012

    5X5



    5 Favourite:
     
    Brands:
     
    1. Abercrombie and Fitch- Clothing company. Hot guys model the clothes.
    2. Converse All Star- Shoes mainly, however they do accessories.
    3. Hollister- Smaller company owned by A&F that sell clothing. Hot guys also model the clothes for them.
    4. Nike- Clothes, shoes, sporting equipment, everything. Sponsor football kits, etc. Very large, international company.
    5. Jack Wills- British clothing. Aimed at teenagers.
    I dont necessarily buy/use products from all of the brands (I do in some cases) however the way the barands have marketed themselves and grown to becvome well know, recognisable products ,akes me like the brand.
     
     
    Comedians
    1. Russell Howard- Russell Howards Good News, Mock The Week
    2. Jon Richardson- 8 out of 10 Cats,
    3. Peter Kay- Phoenix Nights, That Peter Kay Thing,
    4. Jack Whitehall- Daves One Night Stand, Mock The Week, 8 out of 10 Cats
    5. Paddy McGuinness- Phoenix Nights
    All very funny, however Russell Howard tops the list because of his awkwardness. He is relatable to a lot of people and his jokes are often quoted by me and my friends in fitting situations. He is pure class.
     

     
    Men:
    1. Adam Levine
    2. Bradley Cooper
    3. Zac Efron
    4. Tom Hardy
    5. Alex Turner
    All beautiful people, in my eyes they are Gods. Adam tops the list because his songs are cute which makes me love him even more. Bradley and Zac follow just because. Tom Hardy (in the Warrior, befor The Dark Knight Rises where he plays Bane the baddie and looks shocking, in the Warrior he is all muscle and what else would you want. Alex is in the Arctic Monkeys. Enough Said.
     
     
     
     
     
     Songs:
     
     
     
    1. She Will Be Loved- Maroon 5
    2. Shiver- Coldplay
    3. All These Things That I Have Done- The Killers
    4. I Bet You Look Good on the Dancefloor- Arctic Monkeys
    5. Rewired- Kasabian
     
     
     
    Women:
     
    1. Mila Kunis
    2. Megan Fox
    3. Kaya Scodelario
    4. Poppy Delevinge
    5. Rihanna
    They are all beautiful. I want to be Mila Kunis.
     

    Tuesday 11 September 2012

    Working Title Films- 20 Questions

    20 Questions:

    Working Title Red

    Working Title is a British film and television production company based in London. They have produced films such as 'Bridget Jones's Diary', 'About a Boy' and 'Hot Fuzz'


    1. Who were the co-founders of Working Title?
    The co founders were called Tim Bevan and Sarah Radclyffe

    2. When was the company founded?
    Working title was founded in 1983

    3. Where is Working Title Based?
    Working Title is based in London, United Kingdom

    4. Who are the co-chairpersons of Working Title?
    The co-chairpersons of Working Title are Tim Beven and Eric Fellner

    5. What Awards have Working Title won?
    Working title have won many awards including 6 Academy Awards, 26 BAFTAs and 4 Oscars

    6. How many full time staff does Working Title employ?
    There are just 42 full time staff employed by Working Title

    7. What is Working Title's Philosophy?
    The Working Title philosophy has always been to make films for an audience - by that I mean play in a multiplex.

    8. List 5 Box Office hits that have been made by Working Title:
              - Four Weddings and a Funeral
              - Notting Hill
              - Attonement
              - Bridget Jones's Diary
              - Hot fuzz

    9. List 5 box Office flops that have been made by Working Title:
              - Captain Corelli's Mandolin
              - Thunderbirds
              - Green Zone
              - The Boat That Rocked
              - A Serious Man

    10. What is Richard Curtis' relationship with Working Title?
    He has dorected a lot of films for Working Title which have gone on to become a success.

    11. List 2 famous directors that Working Title have worked with:
              - Richard Curtis
              - Kirk Jones

    12. What is Hugh Grant's relationship with Working Title?
    He has worked with Working Title many times and has starred in many of the films they have produced, mainly romcom's such as Notting Hill and Bridget Jones's Diary. He believes that there is something about the company rgar sets it apart from others.

    13. Find out about the Coen Brotherds (films, genres, status) and what they have to do with Working Title:
    Joel David Coen and Ethan Jesse Coen (professionally known as The Coen Brothers) are American film makers who write, direct and produce their films. They are known for their amazing visuals as well as their dry sense of humour. They have worked with Working Title on many occasions on films such as 'The Man Who Wasn't There.'

    14. Who owns 67% of Working Title films? When did this happen? Why?
    Universal Studios own 67% of Working Title Films. This was because PolyGram Films (Working Titlles main supporter) was merged and sold to Universal Studios in 1999 making them the main supporter, owning the large percentage.

    15. List two of Working Title's big blockbuster films and find out their budgets:
              -Notting Hill: Budget- £46 million
              -Bridget Jones's Diary: Budget: £26 million

    16. What genre of films is Working Title most famous for?
    Working Title produces films ranging in genres from Commedies to family films, with their film ratings ranging from U's up to 18's.

    17. What other genres do they produce? 
    They produce films with genres such as commedy, famil, romantic commedy, etc

    18. Find out as much as you can about WT2? (When established, films made, budgets, awards)
    Working Title productions launched a minor company called Working Title 2 Productions, often refered to as WT2. It was established in 1999 by Bevan and Fellener (Working Titles co-chairpersons) which is run by Natascha Wharton. It has made films such as Billy Elliot (with a budget of £3 million) and Shanun of the Dead (which had a budget of £4 million.)

    19. What info can you find out about Working Title through their web page?
    From their webpage, you can find information about upcomming films, along with their trailers as well as news about Working Title.

    20. Find out an interesting fact about working title that you would like to share with the class:
    Their main base is in London but they also have bases is LA and Ireland.

    'The Gaze' Music Video Analysis

    R Kelly Ignition




    This is the music video for the song 'Ignition' by rapper R Kelly released in 2003. The video shows R Kelly in a club dancing around acting like a sex god because the song is about having sex with loads of girls. The video has a variety of different shots showing him, girls and club dancers all stitched together to make a 3 minute video. It is not just the male gaze shown in this video, it is also shows the female gaze (which is the same as the male gaze, meaning women assume the male gazer role — when they objectify others by gazing at them like she is the man.) as the girls in the video are staring at R Kelly like he is the most amazing, beautiful guy for miles. This is a comical version of the gaze as it is normal for men to think that they are brilliant, and it is stereotypical that rappers think they can get all of the girls, and all of the girls want the rappers (which is the situation shown in the 'Ignition' video.) However, the male gaze is also shown on the shots of the girls dancing in their own when they are dancing in 'sexy' clothes in provocative ways suggesting that they are attracted to R Kelly/other guys. The mixture of male and female gazes used in the video dismisses Laura Mulvey's theory because the main concept of her theory was that it is only really men that objectify the opposite sex whereas the video shows that women also do it. There aren't really any other 'looks' apart from 'romantic/sexual' and 'seductive.'

    Advert Analysis- Lynx Shower Gel

    "The Cleaner You Are, The Dirtier You Get"



    Lynx is a brand of male grooming products, selling things such as shower gels, shampoos, aftershaves, hair styling products and deodorants. Their products are targeted at males who care about their appearance who want to look/smell good. In the Lynx shower gel advert, comically named 'the cleaner you are the dirtier you get' it shows a fairly unattractive guy showering casually at the beach. As he cleans himself with 'the' shower gel, all the hot women start doing the same as him. Fortunately for him/unfortunately for them, they happen to get undressed and show him their boobs at the end of the advert. This gives the audience the impression that this will happen to them if they use the shower gel. Sadly, this is false advertising. However, the advert is appealing to the target market because, generally, men like looking at women and their ultimate fantasy would be to have lots of (almost) naked women showing their boobs at them.The girls shown in the advert are all gorgeous and will be found attractive by most men. They have pretty faces and great bodies and are offering themselves to the guy in the advert. They all look at him like he is really good looking even though he isn't that attractive meaning 'if you use this product, you will be attractive.' You can tell he is overwhelmed by all of the attention from the girls by the shocked, appy expression on his face- especially when they show him their boobs. They all give him suggestive looks, showing that they find him attractive- this is, supposedly, because of the shower gel. This is a perfect example of Laura Mulvey's theory of 'The Male Gaze.'

    Monday 10 September 2012

    Audience and Institution Key Terms

    Selected Key Terms for Institutions and Audience

    An institution (in the film industry)
    Definition: any company or organisation that produces, distributes or exhibits films. The BBC makes films with their BBC Films arm; Channel4's Film Four produces films, Working Title also produce films, as does Vertigo Films, etc. Some institutions need to join with other institutions which distribute films. Vertigo Films is able to distribute its own films, Channel Four distributed Slumdog Millionaire through Pathe. Working Title's distribution partner is Universal, a huge US company which can make, distribute and show films. The type of owner ship within an institution matters as, for instance, Channel 4 and the BBC are able to show their own films at an earlier stage than other films made by other institutions. They are also better placed to cross-promote their in-house films within their media organisations. Use you work on Film Four as the basis for most of what you write, Moon is a good cross comparison as Duncan Jones had to create his own institution just to get the film made.


    Distribution and Marketing


    Definition: the business of getting films to their audiences by booking them for runs into cinemas and taking them there in vans or through digital downloads; distributors also create the marketing campaign for films producing posters, trailers, websites, organise free previews, press packs, television interviews with the "talent", sign contracts for promotions, competitions, etc. Distributors use their know-how and size to ensure that DVDs of the film end up in stores and on supermarket shelves. Distributors also obtain the BBFC certificate, and try to get films released as the most favourable times of the year for their genre, etc.


    Examples:
    Universal distributed Working Title's The Boat That Rocked; Pathe distributedFilm4 and Celadors' Slumdog Millionaire after the original US distributor, Warner Independent went out of business. TRON was heavily marketed across a variety of mediums, Moon struggled to get press attention and Duncan Jones had to really push the film  in obscure places like Popular Mechanics etc. The Kings Speech was distributed by
    Momentum (a susiduary of Aliance films) who are a major independent film distributor.


    Exhibition
    Definition: showing films in cinemas or on DVD. Media attention through opening nights and premieres How the audience can see the film: in cinemas, at home, on DVD, through downloads, through television, including premieres, the box office take in the opening weeks; audience reviews which includes those of the film critics, ordinary people, cinemas runs; awards in festivals, The Oscars, BAFTAS, etc.


    Examples:

    Slumdog Millionaire almost never got distribution. Its early US distributor, Warner Independent was a victim of the economic downturn and went out of business. The film's makers then struggled to find a distributor! Then Fox Searchlight stepped up and "the rest is history". The 8 out of 10 Oscar nomination wins ensured that the film has been the greatest British success in awards and in box office for nearly 60years.
    http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/films/news/boyle-reveals-slumdog-millionaire-was-nearly-never-made-1331821.html

    Motherhood took just £86!
    Moon. Initially Sony Pictures Worldwide were due to distribute the film but they specialise in straight to DVD features. Following positive reaction following its Sundance film festival the rights were acquired by Sony Classic Pictures who gave the film a limited release in the US in Cities like New York and LA.


    Exchange

    Definition: The unintended use of an institution’s media text (i.e. a film) by OTHER PEOPLE who use the film or parts of it to form new texts. What happens to a film, etc. after the public get their hands on it using digital technology. 


    Examples:People unconnected to the institution/ film using WEB 2.0 applications such as YOUTUBE, Blogger, Amazon film message boards, TWITTER, Face-Book, discuss the film or edit parts of together to form a new text which the may then put a new soundtrack to and publish on YOUTUBE, etc. When you add a trailer from a site like YouTube on your blog you have been engaging with exchange. Look back to MArk Kermodes video regarding piracy and the new release strategies for films like Ken Loach's "Route Irish" (Loach has reportedly steeled himself for a frosty response from critics and anticipates an underwhelming box office, noting the difficulty he faced securing a distribution deal. Though pragmatic in his view that “people don’t make films to communicate; they make it as a commodity”,an unorthodox release strategy utilising Sky Movies Premier - which will place the film (and by extension, its subject matter) in a wider public sphere than it might otherwise have reached – suggests he hasn’t given up on pedagogy entirely.) or the Jack Ass 3 release on DVD and Sky Box Office.


    Vertical and Horizontal Integration

    Definition: Absorption into a single firm of several firms involved in all aspects of a product's manufacture from raw materials to distribution.


    Example:
    Vivendi Universal have integrated film, music, web and distribution technology into the company, including owning big stakes in cables and wires that deliver these services. Therefore they are vertically integrated because they own all the different companies involved in film, from production to distribution to exhibition. They are also horizontally integrated because they have all the expertise for producing media content under one roof – films, TV, magazines, books, music, games thus being able to produce all the related media content for one film under the same roof (see synergy). This is important for the control the institution has over their product/film.



    Synergy/Synergies 
    Definition: The interaction of two or more agents (institutions/companies) to ensure a larger effect than if they acted independently. This is beneficial for each company through efficiencies in expertise and costs.


     
    Examples:
    Working Title know how to make films and they have formed a business partnership with Universal, a massive US company, who have the experience and size in the marketplace (cinemas, stores, online, etc.) to distribute them. (They create the marketing campaign to target audiences through posters, trailers, create the film’s website, free previews, television and press interviews featuring “the talent”, drum up press reviews, word of mouth, and determine when a film is released for the best possible audience and the type of release: limited, wide, etc.) Channel Four’s Film 4 and Celador Films(Celador also produce Who Wants to Be A Millionaire and films, too) benefited by pooling their know-how, experience and expertise to jointly produce Slumdog Millionaire. These companies formed a business relationship with France’s Pathe to distribute this film. In the UK Pathe helped create the poster, trailer, website, etc. In the USA the film found another distributor after being nominated for the Oscars.


    Viral Marketing

    Definition: A marketing technique aiming at reproducing "word of mouth" usually on the internet and through existing social networks. YouTube Video pastiches, trailers, interviews with cast members, the director, writer, etc. You can find interviews of “the talent” trying to gain publicity for your case study films on YouTube. Find some clips from the films we have studied to help you in the exam.

    Guerilla MarketingDefinition: The use of unconventional and low cost marketing strategies to raise awareness of a product. The aim is usually to create “buzz” and “word of mouth” around a film. Unusual stunts to gain publicity (P.R.) on the film’s opening weekend, etc.

    Examples:
    Sasha Baron Cohen created “buzz” before the release of his film “Borat” by holding fake press conferences. The studio also accessed the popularity of YouTube by releasing the first 4 minutes of the movie on YouTube, a week before it’s release, which can then be sent virally across the nation. At a special viewing of “Bruno” Cohen landed on Eminem “butt first” from the roof MTV Awards venue, dressed in as an angel outfit with rents in the rear end.


    Media Convergence

    Definition 1: Convergence of media occurs when multiple products come together to form one product with the advantages of all of them.

     

    Examples:
    More and more films are being marketed on the Internet and on mobile phones. You no longer need even to buy the DVDs or CDs as you can download films and music directly to your laptop, Mac or PC. Blue Ray DVDs can carry more features than ordinary DVDs and can be played on HD televisions and in home cinemas for enhanced/cinematic picture quality. You can save films on SKY digital, Free-box digital players, etc. You mobile phone has multiple features and applications. With media and technological convergence this is growing year on year. Play-Stations, X-Boxes and the Wii can can connect with the Internet and you can play video games with multiple players.


    Technological Convergence
    Definition 2: The growing interractive use of digital technology in the film industry and media which enables people to share, consume and produce media that was difficult or impossible just a few years earlier.

    Examples:
    For instance, the use of new software to add special effects in editing; the use of blue-screen; using new types of digital cameras like the one Danny Boyle used in “Slumdog Millionaire” (The Silicon Imaging Camera to shoot high quality film in tight spaces); you can use the Internet to download a film rather than go see it in the cinema; you can watch it on YouTube; you can use special editing programs like Final Cut Pro to edit bits of a film, give it new soundtrack and upload it on YouTube; you can produce illegal, pirate copies on DVDs from downloads and by converting the film’s format; you can buy Blue Ray DVDs with greater compression which allows superior viewing and more features on the DVD; distributors can use digital software to create high concept posters; cinemas can download films to their projection screens and do not have to depend on a van dropping off the film! The is also the
    Digital Screen Network. There are tons of ways in which technological convergence affects the production, distribution, exhibition and exchange by prosumers. ( A prosumer is someone who not only consumes (watches films) but also writes about them the Net, blogs and make films out of them, often uploading them on sites like YouTube, etc.

    A Mainstream Film

    Definition: A high budget film that would appeal to most segments of an audience: the young, boys, girls, teenagers, young people, the middle aged, older people, the various classes in society. Distributors often spend as much or more than the film cost to make when distributing mainstream films that are given wide or universal releases.


    Example:The Boat That Rocked was a mainstream idea and was given the mainstream treatment on wide release. The film flopped at the UK box office on release ( and has not done too well since mid November 2009 on release in the USA. This was mostly because of its poor reviews, particularly from “Time-Out”. However, when young and older audiences see the DVD they generally like the film because of its uplifting storyline and the well-chosen soundtrack.


    Art House Films

    Definition: A low budget independent film that would mostly appeal to an educated, higher class audience who follow unusual genres or like cult directors that few people have heard of. Therefore it is usually aimed at a niche market. Foreign films often come under this category.


    Examples:
    The low budget film, Once (2007) which found a specialised, boutique distributor in Fox Searchlight fits this label. (FOX the mainstream company usually distributes big budget film and blockbusters); So does “Juno” from 2008 which began as a low budget film about teenage pregnancy that the big studios thought too risky to touch – but it found popularity through its touching storyline, engaging music and its Oscar nomination for best script. Like “Slumdog Millionaire” the film crossed over between art-house cinemas and audiences to mainstream ones because of the recognition it received from Canadian film festivals and award ceremonies like Britain’s BAFTAS and the Hollywood’s Oscars.

    Ratings bodies BBFC - The British Board of Film ClassificationHow your institutions films are rated will affect audiences in so far as WHO can see them. Remember that sex scenes, offensive language, excessive violence, the use of profanity, etc. can affect the rating and certificate the film receives and therefore affect who is able to see the film.

    Thursday 6 September 2012

    The Male Gaze

    This week in class, we have been looking at 'The Male Gaze' which is a theory first thought up by a woman called Laura Mulvey in 1975. It refers to the feministic way that men perceive women; the way men look at women purely as objects which they desire and want, rather than as another person.


    On Magazines: 

    Facial Expressions: Marjorie Ferguson realised that there are four types of facial expression in the cover photos of British women’s magazines. She put them into four categories to make them easier to identify.

    Definitions

    Chocolate Box: This facial expression usually has the model with a half or full-smile, lips together or slightly parted, teeth barely visible, full or three-quarter face to camera in an attempt to create a blandly pleasing, warm bath warmth, where uniformity of features in their smooth perfection is devoid of uniqueness or of individuality.
    Invitational: this facial expression puts emphasis on the eyes with the mouth shut or with only a hint of a smile along with the head to one side or looking back to camera creating a suggestion of mischief or mystery, the hint of contact potential rather than sexual promise, the cover equivalent of advertising’s soft sell.
    Super Smiler: The model will have a large, toothy smile plastered on their face. Full face, wide open toothy smile, head thrust forward or chin thrown back, hair often wind-blown trying to look aggressive with a ‘look-at-me’ demanding pose going for the hard sell. Used a lot in toothpaste adverts
    Romantic or Sexual: A fourth and more general classification devised to include male and female ‘two-somes’; or the dreamy, heavy-lidded, unsmiling big-heads, or the overtly sensual or sexual. Projected moods: possible ‘available’ and definitely ‘available’.

    In Magazines:

    Magazine Advertisements: In a study of advertisements in women’s magazines, Trevor Millum offers these categories of female expressions:
    Seductive: The eyes are less wide, perhaps shaded, the expression is less reserved but still self-sufficient and confident; milder versions may include a slight smile.
    Carefree: Nymphlike, active, healthy, gay, vibrant, outdoor girl; long unrestrained outward-flowing hair, more outward-going than the above, often smiling or grinning.
    Practical: Concentrating, engaged on the business in hand, mouth closed, eyes object-directed, sometimes a slight frown; hair often short or tied back.
    Comic: Deliberately ridiculous, exaggerated, acting the fool, pulling faces for the benefit of a real or imaginary audience, sometimes close to a sort of archness.
    Catalogue: A neutral look as of a dummy, artificial, wax like; features may be in any position, but most likely to be with eyes open wide and a smile, but the look remains vacant and empty; personality has been removed. (Millum 1975, 97-8)